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Pelvic organ prolapse is common in women over 50. It can affect anyone with a vagina.
It may not cause symptoms, but if you do have symptoms they can include:
Sometimes pelvic organ prolapse may only be found during tests done for another reason, such as cervical screening.
If you have symptoms that could be caused by pelvic organ prolapse, a GP will ask about your symptoms and examine you. For this you'll need to undress from the waist down.
Let them know if you'd like someone else to be in the room with you (a chaperone) – this could be someone you know, a nurse or a trained member of staff. You can ask for this examination to be done by a female doctor if you prefer.
You may be asked to lie on your side with your knees pulled up towards your chest or you may be examined standing up.
The doctor will feel for any lumps in your pelvic area and inside your vagina.
They may gently put a smooth, tube-shaped tool called a speculum into your vagina so they can see if there's a prolapse.
If you have problems with your bladder, the GP may refer you to hospital for further tests.
If you're diagnosed with a prolapse, it may be given a number from 1 to 4 depending on how severe it is, with 4 being a severe prolapse.
Treatment for pelvic organ prolapse depends on which organs have prolapsed and how severely. Your doctor will also consider your age, overall health, and if you're planning to have children in the future.
If you do not have any symptoms, or the prolapse is not bothering you, you may not need medical treatment.
If the prolapse is more severe or your symptoms are affecting your daily life, treatment options may include:
You and your doctor will decide together what's the best option for you.
Surgery to treat pelvic organ prolapse by putting a supportive mesh inside the vagina is no longer done on the NHS, unless there's no alternative.
If you have previously had vaginal mesh inserted and think it might be causing problems, speak to a GP or your surgeon.
There are things you can do yourself to help with pelvic organ prolapse.
maintain a healthy weight
eat more fibre, drink plenty of water and do gentle exercise like walking regularly to avoid constipation
avoid physical activities that put a lot of strain on the pelvic floor, like heavy lifting, running and trampolining
do regular pelvic floor exercises
do not smoke – stopping smoking means you're less likely to have a persistent cough that can put pressure on your pelvic floor
Pelvic organ prolapse can happen when the pelvic floor muscles weaken.
It's more common as you get older, particularly after the menopause.
It can be caused by:
Some health conditions can also make a prolapse more likely, including:
If you have pelvic organ prolapse, you’ll be supported by your doctor or specialist. You may also find it helpful to get support online.
There are national charities that can offer support and information about pelvic organ prolapse.
Information and support for anyone affected by bladder or bowel problems.
